Autonomous Drugs Optimal Management, Part V: Anesthesia Control for Atracurium Drug using PD-PI and PD-I Controllers Compared with a PID Controller | IJCT Volume 13 – Issue 1 | IJCT-V13I1P4
International Journal of Computer Techniques
ISSN 2394-2231
Author
Galal Ali Hassaan, Asmaa Galal Hassaan, Fatma Galal Hassane
Abstract
This paper is the fifth in a series of research papers studying the autonomous drug optimal management. It handles the control of the anesthesia-atracurium drug infusion rate using a PD-PI and PD-I controllers from the second generation of PID controllers. The relationship between the bispectral index and the site-effect concentration of the drug is investigated and presented graphically for two anesthesia drugs. Some tuning techniques for the proposed controllers are proposed based on zero/pole cancellation, trial-and-error techniques and using the MATLAB optimization toolbox. The step time response of the control system using the proposed controllers is presented and compared with that of a conventional PID controller from the first generation of PID controllers tuned in in the present research work. The comparison reveals the best controller among the three ones presented depending on a graphical and quantitative comparison study for reference input tracking.
Keywords
Anesthesia control, Atracurium Drug, BIS index, PD-PI controller, PD-I controller, PID controller, controller tuning.
Conclusion
-This research paper investigated the use of PD-PI and PD-I controllers from the second generation of PID controllers compared with a PID controller from the first generation of PID controllers to control the infusion rate of atracurium drug for anesthesia during surgery.
-The process under control was identified for a three-compartment model as a 0/4-order transfer function model providing zero overshoot, zero steady-state error and 1161.3 s settling time (19.35 min). The challenge for control engineer in this automatic control application is to proposes a controller capable of providing fast time-response because of the critical situation of the anesthesia process.
-The performance of the proposed controllers was assigned through the investigation of the step time response of the control system comprising the controllers and the atracurium drug infusion rate process.
-The tuning technique used to optimize the controllers’ parameters was based on the zero/pole cancellation technique, the trial-and-error technique and using the optimization toolbox of MATLAB and an ITAE performance index.
-The relationship between the ‘bispectral (BIS) index’ and the ‘effect-site concentration’ which was a nonlinear one was presented graphically for propofol and atracurium anesthesia-drugs.
-The two proposed controllers (PD-PI and PD-I) and the PID controller succeeded to eliminate completely the maximum percentage overshoot of the closed-loop control system for reference input tracking.
-The settling time of the step input tracking time response (for 2 % tolerance) was assigned to be 303.8 and 681.4 s for the PD-PI and PD-I controllers compared with 1161.3 s for uncontrolled process and 1047.6 s for PID-controlled process respectively.
-The proposed controllers succeeded to provide a step time response having a rise time of 176.7 s and 414.1 s for the PD-PI and PD-I controllers compared with 623 s for uncontrolled process and 556 s for the PID-controlled process.
-The proposed controllers succeeded to provide a step time response capable of reaching the 60 BIS level after 3.14 and 7.68 min for the PD-PI and PD-I controllers compared with 10 min without process control and 9.67 min for the PID-controlled anesthesia process.
-The proposed controllers and the PID controller succeeded to provide step time response for reference input tracking without any steady-state error because of the presence of ‘s’ in their transfer function denominator.
The PD-PI controller has proved in this application to be the best controller because of its outstanding step time response without any overshoot, undershoot or steady-state error with settling time of only 5 min and reaching the BIS level of 60 in about 3.1 min.
References
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How to Cite This Paper
Galal Ali Hassaan, Asmaa Galal Hassaan, Fatma Galal Hassane (2025). Autonomous Drugs Optimal Management, Part V: Anesthesia Control for Atracurium Drug using PD-PI and PD-I Controllers Compared with a PID Controller. International Journal of Computer Techniques, 12(6). ISSN: 2394-2231.
Autonomous Drugs Optimal Management, Part V Anesthesia Control for Atracurium Drug using PD-PI and PD-I Controllers Compared with a PID ControllerDownload
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