
Autonomous Drugs Optimal Management, Part II: Liver Tumor Impedance Control in Radiofrequency Ablation using I-first order and I-P Compensators Compared with a PID Controller | IJCT Volume 12 – Issue 6 | IJCT-V12I6P27

International Journal of Computer Techniques
ISSN 2394-2231
Volume 12, Issue 6 | Published: November – December 2025
Table of Contents
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Galal Ali Hassaan , Ahmed Galal Hassaan , Asmaa Galal Hassaan , Fatma Galal Hassane
Abstract
This paper is the second in a series of research papers studying the autonomous drug optimal management. It handles the control of the liver-tumor impedance associated with radiofrequency ablation using an I-first order and an I-P compensators from the second generation of control compensators. Some tuning techniques for the proposed compensators are proposed based on zero/pole cancellation and using the MATLAB optimization toolbox. The step time response of the control system using the proposed compensators is presented and compared with that of a conventional PID controller from the first generation of PID controllers tuned in a previous research work. The comparison reveals the best controller/compensator among the three ones presented depending on a graphical and quantitative comparison study for reference input tracking.
Keywords
Liver tumor impedance control, I-first order compensator, I-P compensator, PID controller, controller/compensators tuning.
Conclusion
-This research paper investigated the use of I-first order and I-P compensators from the second generation of control compensators compared with a PID controller from the first generation of PID controllers to control the impedance of the liver-tumor to help in avoiding the cut-off phenomena during the radiofrequency ablation applied to some liver-cancer patients.
-The process under control was identified in a previous research work by a 9th order transfer function model producing a step time response having 1977.6 % maximum overshoot. This complex process is an example of complex processes representing real channel for control engineer to control and produce good performance.
-The performance of the proposed compensators was assigned through the investigation of the step time response of the control system comprising the compensator and the liver-tumor impedance process.
-The tuning technique used to optimize the compensators parameters was based on the zero/pole cancellation technique and using the optimization toolbox of MATLAB and an ISTSE performance index.
-The two proposed compensators succeeded to eliminate completely the maximum percentage overshoot of the closed-loop control system for reference input tracking compared with 0.605 % for the PID controller.
-The settling time of the step input tracking time response (for 2 % tolerance) was assigned to be 39.29 and 0.0019 s for the I-first order and I-P compensators compared with 2.871 s for the PID controller.
-The proposed compensators succeeded to provide a step time response having a rise time of 20.963 and 0.0012 s for the I-first order and I-P compensators compared with 0.127 s for the PID controller.
-The proposed compensators and the PID controller succeeded to provide step time response for reference input tracking without any steady-state error.
-The I-P compensator has proved in this application to be the best controller/compensator because of its outstanding step time response without any overshoot, undershoot or steady-state error with settling time less than 2 ms.
Therefore, the I-P compensator was selected in this research work as the best controller/compensator to control the liver-tumor impedance for roll-off free radiofrequency ablation.
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How to Cite This Paper
Galal Ali Hassaan , Ahmed Galal Hassaan , Asmaa Galal Hassaan , Fatma Galal Hassane (2025). Autonomous Drugs Optimal Management, Part II: Liver Tumor Impedance Control in Radiofrequency Ablation using I-first order and I-P Compensators Compared with a PID Controller. International Journal of Computer Techniques, 12(6). ISSN: 2394-2231.
Autonomous Drugs Optimal Management, Part II Liver Tumor Impedance Control in Radiofrequency Ablation using I-first order and I-P Compensators Compared with a PID ControllerDownload
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