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International Journal of Computer Techniques Volume 12 Issue 4 | Autonomous Human Body Control, Part VIII: Blood pH Control using PD-I, PD-PI controllers and I-first order Compensator compared with a PID Controller

Autonomous Human Body Control: Blood pH Control Using PD-I, PD-PI, and I-First Order Compensator

Autonomous Human Body Control, Part VIII: Blood pH Control Using PD-I, PD-PI Controllers and I-First Order Compensator Compared with a PID Controller

International Journal of Computer Techniques – Volume 12 Issue 4, July – August 2025

ISSN: 2394-2231 | https://ijctjournal.org

Author

Galal Ali Hassaan – Department of Mechanical Design and Production, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt | galalhassaan@ymail.com

Abstract

This paper presents a control strategy for regulating human blood pH using second-generation controllers: PD-I, PD-PI, and I-first order compensator. These are compared with a conventional PID controller tuned using PSO. The study applies zero/pole cancellation and time-domain tuning techniques. Simulation results show that the PD-PI controller achieves the best performance with the shortest settling time and no overshoot, making it a promising candidate for biomedical control systems.

Keywords

Autonomous human body control, pH level control, PD-I controller, PD-PI controller, I-first order compensator, PID controller, controllers/compensator tuning

Conclusion

The PD-PI controller demonstrated superior performance in blood pH regulation, achieving a settling time of 3.817 seconds with zero overshoot and steady-state error. The I-first order compensator followed closely. These second-generation controllers outperformed the traditional PID controller, which had a significantly longer settling time. Future work should focus on refining the physiological model of blood pH for enhanced real-world applicability.

References

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Autonomous Human Body Control, Part VIII Blood pH Control using PD-I, PD-PI controllers and I-first order Compensator compared with a PID ControllerDownload
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