IJCT - Volume 4, Issue 1 / Jan - Feb 2017

S.No	Title/Author Name	Page No
1	A Web Service Based Database access for Nigerian Universities Certificate Verification System - Moussa Mahamat , Salisu Ibrahim YUSUF ,ISA MUSLU [ Abstract ] [ Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract In recent times, research has shown that industries adopt distributed database system toimprove their operations such as real time data exchange via remote database access.Traditionally, application connection to database is established using the database information such as database name, username, and password and IP address of the database server over a network. Studies in the past have shown that a number of security threats come to play in this approach as the database is exposed on that network. Much work has been done to tackle those threats but the proposed solutions huge processing. In this research a web-service-based remote database access method is proposed reducing the security threats by avoiding direct access. Another advantage of this approach is that it is platform-independent. An experimental case study of Nigerian Universities Certificate Verification System was designed and implemented using the proposed methodology. Keyword: Remote Database Access (RDA), Web Service, Certificate Verification. × Moussa Mahamat , Salisu Ibrahim YUSUF ,ISA MUSLU"A Web Service Based Database access for Nigerian Universities Certificate Verification System" Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	1-7
2	Facial expression recognition based on completed LBP - Zicheng Lin , Yuanliang Huang [ Abstract ] [ Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract Because of the limitation for the traditional local binary pattern (LBP) operator in facial expression recognition, an effective facial expression recognition algorithm based on completed local binary pattern (CLBP) is proposed. Firstly, the method performs face segmentation and illumination normalization on original image. Secondly, CLBP operator is used to extract facial expression features from the preprocessed image. CLBP histograms could be combined by CLBP-Center (CLBP_C), CLBP-Magnitude (CLBP_M) and CLBP-Sign (CLBP_S) features in two ways, jointly or hybridly. Lastly, the nearest neighbour classifier is applied for classifying and recognizing the CLBP histograms. The experiments on JAFFE and Oulu-CASIA facial expression databases demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve better performance than using the traditional LBP facial expression method. In addition, our algorithm can achieve good performance in complex illumination conditions. Keyword: Completed local binary pattern, facial expression recognition, illumination normalization. × Zicheng Lin , Yuanliang Huang"Facial expression recognition based on completed LBP" Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	5-11
3	Analysis of Performance in Four Non-Preemptive Priority Fuzzy Queues by Centroid of Centroids Ranking Method - R. Ramesh, S. Kumara Ghuru [ Abstract ] [Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract Ranking techniques are very noteworthy in the fuzzy numbers system for defuzzification. Many authors have already proposed various types of techniques to find out the performance of fuzzy queues. In this paper, we are going to deal with a new methodology namely centroid of centroids ranking method to find out the performance measures of non-preemptive priority fuzzy queues with 4-priorities. It is possible to convert from fuzzy environment to crisp environment by our proposed ranking method in order to analyze the performance measures of fuzzy queues. Finally, the effectiveness and the accurate values of our proposed method have been successfully solved by an example. Keyword: Fuzzy sets, Fuzzy numbers, Centroid of centroids ranking, Non-preemptive priority fuzzy queues, Performance measures. × R. Ramesh, S. Kumara Ghuru"Analysis of Performance in Four Non-Preemptive Priority Fuzzy Queues by Centroid of Centroids Ranking Method" Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	12-20
4	Exploiting Semantic Web Technology for Personalized Recommendation System - Preeti Deshmukh , Shivani Deosthale , Lukesh Kadu [ Abstract ] [Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract World Wide Web makes a revolution on information sharing. People could search any kinds of information from Internet and create their own web sites. However, with the increasing of information published on the Internet, the problems of redundant data, error data and incomplete data come up, which leads to the challenge of information retrieval accuracy. Users need help to search and to filter out irrelevant information based on their demand. In this Paper an approach for Semantic Recommendation system which uses Page rank based on links between Web pages, to compute relevance to user search query. It works on the assumption that a well-designed Webpage should have an informative title. The user search terms are mapped to the refined URL's extracted from the Google Server. These terms in a user query have a different degree of importance based on whether they occur inside title, description or anchor text of the document. Recommendation system has to find the relevant Web pages and prioritize them. Therefore an optimal weighting scheme for these components is required for search engines to prioritize relevant documents near the top for user searches. Personalized Recommendation System provides other user with a recommendation results for based on the common shared search queries. Keyword: Term Extraction, Concept Extraction, Semantic web, Web Usage and Domain Knowledge. × Preeti Deshmukh , Shivani Deosthale , Lukesh Kadu"Exploiting Semantic Web Technology for Personalized Recommendation System" Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	21-26
5	Algorithm of Hand-Eye Calibration for Industrial Robot - Huang Wenji , Liu Ning [ Abstract ] [Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract For the eye-to-hand monocular vision system, based on the idea of "black box", which maps the image coordinates directly to the robot reference coordinates, the transform matrix about image coordinate and robot reference coordinate is directly obtained in the condition of fixed distance between the positioning plane and camera. The optimized transform matrix can be obtained as global calibration parameters for the eye-to-hand system, without the need for calculation of camera�s internal and external parameters. As the transformation matrix does not consider the non-linear imaging of the lens, the direct use of this transform matrix of the two coordinates system will have a greater accuracy error. In order to reduce the positioning error of hand-eye vision system, this paper considers the obtainment of transform matrix as multiobjective optimization problem and applies the hybrid particle swarm algorithm to optimize the matrix parameters. The experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the hand-eye positioning accuracy and can be successfully applied to industrial production, Keyword: Industrial robot, hand-eye vision, monocular vision, object position, particle swarm algorithm. × Huang Wenji , Liu Ning "Algorithm of Hand-Eye Calibration for Industrial Robot " Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	27-35
6	Development of SMART CITY Using IOT and BIG Data - E.N.Ganesh [ Abstract ] [Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract The fast growth in the population density in urban areas demands more facilities and resources. To meet the needs of city development, the use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the smart systems is the very quick and valuable source. However, thousands of IoT devices are interconnecting and communicating with each other over the Internet results in generating a huge amount of data, termed as Big Data. To integrate IoT services and processing Big Data in an efficient way aimed at smart city is a challenging task. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a system for smart city development based on IoT using Big Data Analytics. We use sensors deployment including smart home sensors, vehicular networking, weather and water sensors, smart parking sensor, and surveillance objects, etc. initially a four-tier architecture is proposed, which includes 1) Bottom Tier: which is responsible for IoT sources, data generations, and collections 2) Intermediate Tier-1: That is responsible for all type of communication between sensors, relays, base stations, the internet, etc. 3) Intermediate Tier 2: it is responsible for data management and processing using Hadoop framework, and 4) Top tier: is responsible for application and usage of the data analysis and results generated. The collected data from all smart system is processed at real-time to achieve smart cities using Hadoop with Spark, VoltDB, Storm or S4. We use existing datasets by various researchers including smart homes, smart parking weather, pollution, and vehicle for analysis and testing. All the datasets are replayed to test the real-time efficiency of the system. Finally, we evaluated the system by efficiency in term of throughput and processing time. Keyword: Internet of Things,Big Data, Smart Systems, Smart City and Hadoop. × E.N.Ganesh"Development of SMART CITY Using IOT and BIG Data" Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	36-41
7	Implementation of IOT Architecture for SMART HOME using GSM Technology - E.N.Ganesh [ Abstract ] [Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract Today people want the world on their hands, It outlets the revolutions of computing and smart environment. Some technologies like ambient intelligence satisfy the maximum need of smart world but these technologies are not tightly coupled with internet, so the people need another technology extension. Internet of Things (IoT) is an ideal emerging technology to influence the internet and communication technologies. Simply �Internet of Things� connects �living and non living things? through �internet?. Traditionally in the object oriented paradigm everything in the world is considered as an object, but in the IoT paradigm everything in the world is considered as a smart object, and allows them to communicate to each other through the internet technologies by physically or virtually. This paper proposes architecture to enable the users to control and monitor smart devices through internet. It creates an interface between users and smart home by using GSM and internet technologies, or it simply creates GSM based wireless communication from the web server into the smart home. In this architecture the users give commands through web then the users inputs are converted into GSM-SMS commands. These commands are sent to embedded system module (embedded system directly connect with devices) through GSM network, and finally the user commands are parsed and executed by microcontroller to control any electronic objects like home appliances, lights, etc and it sends the acknowledgement. The embedded system module can be placed anywhere in the world and it will be controlled by IoT Agent through GSM network. Keyword: Internet of Things, Short Message Service, Web Interface, Global system for Mobile Communication, Embedded system and Web Server. × E.N.Ganesh"Implementation of IOT Architecture for SMART HOME using GSM Technology" Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	42-48
8	Automatic Annotation of Radiographs using Random Forest Regression Voting for Building Statistical Models for Skeletal Maturity - Steve A. Adeshina, Claudia Lindner, and Timothy F.Cootes. [ Abstract ] [Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract For the eye-to-hand monocular vision system, based on the idea of "black box", which maps the image coordinates directly to the robot reference coordinates, the transform matrix about image coordinate and robot reference coordinate is directly obtained in the condition of fixed distance between the positioning plane and camera. The optimized transform matrix can be obtained as global calibration parameters for the eye-to-hand system, without the need for calculation of camera�s internal and external parameters. As the transformation matrix does not consider the non-linear imaging of the lens, the direct use of this transform matrix of the two coordinates system will have a greater accuracy error. In order to reduce the positioning error of hand-eye vision system, this paper considers the obtainment of transform matrix as multiobjective optimization problem and applies the hybrid particle swarm algorithm to optimize the matrix parameters. The experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the hand-eye positioning accuracy and can be successfully applied to industrial production, Keyword: Industrial robot, hand-eye vision, monocular vision, object position, particle swarm algorithm. × Steve A. Adeshina, Claudia Lindner, and Timothy F. Cootes. "Automatic Annotation of Radiographs using Random Forest Regression Voting for Building Statistical Models for Skeletal Maturity " Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	49-55
9	Mobile Based Elections Results Transmission and Collation System - A Case Study of Nigeria - Steve A. Adeshina, Lukman E. Ismaila, and Adegboyega Ojo [ Abstract ] [Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract Free and fair elections is known to be central to good governance. The interregnum between the time voting is concluded and results declared is often used by mischief makers to manipulate the results of elections. This work presents ways and means of reducing the time between voting activities and results publication to the barest minimum.This is done by automatically transmitting, collating and publishing results from urban and remote places to central servers. Nigeria with its huge population, large mass area, and an extensive difficult terrain without internet access presents us with an appropriate case to study. This method will be applicable to similar electoral constituencies especially in developing countries .A result collation and transmission system was designed and implemented using Nigerian Elections as a case study. Election results are collated from every polling points (about 132,000 locations) sent using a mobile application to a central server. These results are collated using an SQL database. Collated results are subsequently displayed in a result portal using PHP. This process leads to a huge reduction in the time it takes to collateand publish election results and subsequently leading to a free and fair elections. The tests conducted show an 95% effectiveness in the transmitted result and a reduction of Result transmission time from about 4 days to 6 hours., Keyword: Polling Units (PU); Electoral Management Body; Short Message Services (SMS); Nigerian Elections;Independent National Electoral Commission × Steve A. Adeshina, Lukman E. Ismaila, and Adegboyega Ojo " Mobile Based Elections Results Transmission and Collation System - A Case Study of Nigeria " Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	56-63
10	Automatic Determination of Skeletal Maturity using Statistical Models of Appearance - Steve A. Adeshina, Timothy F. Cootes, and Judith Adams. [ Abstract ] [Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract This work addresses the problem of automatic determination of skeletal maturity in children and young adults. Skeletal age assessment is important for diagnosing and monitoring growth and endocrine disorders. We have constructed a system which uses Statistical Models of Shape and Appearance to locate bones in a radiograph and to predict skeletal maturity. By analysing the performance on a dataset of about 600 digitised radiographs of normal children we show that different variants of Part+Geometry (P+G) models are sufficient to initialise an automatic registration algorithm. We built global models of whole hand and local models of individual bones. We used the same P+G models to locate salient bones of the hand to initialise an Active Appearance Model (AAM) to match all the bones of the hand in a radiograph. We improved our age estimation results by using multiple local age group models and multiple local age estimators. We obtained an accuracy of 0:75mm and 0:70mm on sparse points placement for initialization of automatic registrations and Active Appearance models fitting respectively. We achieved a sub-millimeter accuracy for automatic model annotation and for locating the bones in a new radiograph. Our skeletal maturity methodology achieved an accuracy in estimating Skeletal Age of mean absolute error of 0:41 0:02 years and 0:47 0:03 years for female and male respectively, Keyword: Skeletal maturity assessment, Constrained Active Appearance Models, Part-based Models × Steve A. Adeshina, Timothy F. Cootes, and Judith Adams " Automatic Determination of Skeletal Maturity using Statistical Models of Appearance " Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	64-71
11	Election Data Analytics: Analysis of 2015 General Elections in Nigeria - Steve A. Adeshina, Collins E. Onyemaobi, and Adegboyega Ojo [ Abstract ] [Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract 2015 General Elections conducted in Nigeria is seen to be the most credible election since the inception of the democratic governance in Nigeria. During this process, the Voters Register (VR), Permanent Voters Card (PVC) and Smart Card Reader (SCR) were introduced into the system to identify, authenticate and verify individual voters. Twitter and other social media platforms were highly exploited by both candidates and voters to air their views on the elections.This work adresses the design and implemention of a tool that delivers election data analytics from multiple data sources, which includes twitter, Voter Register (VR) and SCR Smart Card Readers (SCR) from 2015 general elections.The tweets are being processed by the extraction of metadata, geocoding the physical addresses and analyzing the sentiments of the content of each tweets. These results are further compared and combined with the data from VR and SCR into a front-end visualization applications. Ultimately we show relationship between the above data analytics and subsequent outcome of elections.y, Keyword: Data Analytics; Twitter API; Nigerian Elections; Independent National Electoral Commission × Steve A. Adeshina, Collins E. Onyemaobi, and Adegboyega Ojo " Election Data Analytics: Analysis of 2015 General Elections in Nigeria " Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	72-78
12	Design and Implementation of Electronic Balloting System: Case Study of Nigeria - Steve A. Adeshina , Lukman E. Ismaila , Kaltume U. Ibrahim [ Abstract ] [Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract Nigeria has been using the paper ballot system for their elections, this election process always comes with allegations of rigging in all forms. In the end some polling units get cancelled results, some inconclusive and some votes are considered invalid.This project is aimed at making voting more friendly and rigging free in a developing world like Nigeria. In this project an android-based application has been developed using android programming kit. An electronic ballot paper was simulated using a Graphical user interface (GUI) on a touchscreen device to eliminate the use of keyboard and mouse to avoid complications for voters. At the end of the voting the results will be displayed and compared with the number of accredited voters. The voters will receive a code that can be used to verify their votes if they feel there was a foul play. Based on the test phase carried out, a conclusion was made that the system is not only user friendly but also saves time Keyword: Polling Unit; Electoral Management Ballot Paper;Voter Verified Paper Audit (VVPAT);Electronic Balltting × Steve A. Adeshina , Lukman E. Ismaila , Kaltume U. Ibrahim "Design and Implementation of Electronic Balloting System: Case Study of Nigeria" Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	79-86
13	An Effective Multi-Keyword Ranked Search Procedure over Encrypted Cloud Data with Enhanced Protection - I.Arockia Antonysamy [ Abstract ] [Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract Due to the increasing popularity of cloud computing, more and more data owners are motivated to outsource their data to cloud servers for great convenience and reduced cost in data management. However, sensitive data should be encrypted before outsourcing for privacy requirements, which obsoletes data utilization like keyword-based document retrieval. In this paper, we present a secure multi-keyword ranked search scheme over encrypted cloud data, which simultaneously supports dynamic update operations like deletion and insertion of documents. Specifically, the vector space model and the widely-used TF_IDF model are combined in the index construction and query generation. We construct a special tree-based index structure and propose a “Greedy Depth-first Search” algorithm to provide efficient multi-keyword ranked search. The secure kNN algorithm is utilized to encrypt the index and query vectors, and meanwhile ensure accurate relevance score calculation between encrypted index and query vectors. In order to resist statistical attacks, phantom terms are added to the index vector for blinding search results. Due to the use of our special tree-based index structure, the proposed scheme can achieve sub-linear search time and deal with the deletion and insertion of documents flexibly. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme Keyword: - - × I.Arockia Antonysamy"An Effective Multi-Keyword Ranked Search Procedure over Encrypted Cloud Data with Enhanced Protection" Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	87-92
14	Smart Voting System for Digital India - Apurva Nikam , Sonali Gupta , Apoorva Sakapal, Priyanka Yadav ,Prof. S. S. Damre [ Abstract ] [Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract Technology is something without which an individual cannot exist now-a-days. We are surrounded by different technologies, among which one of the important part of one’s life is Android or Smart phones. Android is an open source operating system which provides an easy and efficient way to carry out our day-to-day routines. The usage of Android in present era made us to present our thought of developing an application which can provide easier way of casting votes. In this paper we are introducing several promising directions for developing an application for voting process using Android and Visual Cryptology. This paper presents how an individual can cast their votes using their own Android phones or smart phones maintaining confidentiality and availability. Keyword: Android, E-voting system, Web services, One time password, QR Code, Visual cryptography. × Apurva Nikam , Sonali Gupta , Apoorva Sakapal, Priyanka Yadav ,Prof. S. S. Damre"Smart Voting System for Digital India" Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	93-96
15	Slip Ratio Control of Anti-Lock Braking System with Bang-Bang Controller - Dankan Gowda V , Ramachandra A C [ Abstract ] [Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract Anti-lock Braking system (ABS) is a safety and control tool implemented in vehicles that prevents the wheel lock-up during severe or panic braking. The existing ABS controls have the ability to control and regulate the level of pressure to optimally maintain the wheel slip within the vehicle stability range. However, the ABS shows strong nonlinear characteristics for which the vehicle equipped with existing controllers have a tendency to over steer and become unstable. In this paper a mathematical model of ABS with Bang-Bang control algorithm have been implemented in Simulink and extensive simulation studies is also performed to verify the effectiveness of the controller and the results shows that proposed controller is able to maintain the wheel slip at the desired reference value. The braking performance in both ABS mode and Non-ABS mode has been evaluated by simulation. Keyword: Anti Lock Breaking System, Bang-Bang Controller, Simulink, Wheel Slip. × Dankan Gowda V , Ramachandra A C " Slip Ratio Control of Anti-Lock Braking System with Bang-Bang Controller " Vol. 4 - Issue 1 ( Jan - Feb 2017), International Journal of Computer Techniques (IJCT) , ISSN: 2394 - 2231 , www.ijctjournal.org ×	97-104

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